Rabu, 20 Maret 2013

materi e-commerce

  E-com merupakan metode dalam penjualan via internet. EC menyajikan banyak kemudahan-kemudahan dalam melakukan bisnis, karena kita bisa menjalankan bisnis kita tanpa harus meninggalkan "kursi" yg kita duduki. Salah satu dari kemudahan yang di sediakan EC  adalah  pengiklanan lewat interrnet. yang saya tanyakan mengiklankan prodok orang lain di blog seperti adsense, googlead, dll merupakan EC atau bukan ? karena ec setau saya ada transaksi jual beli di dalamnya atau jika mengiklankan ada perrjanjian dengan orang yang ingin di iklankan, sedangkan di google adsense saya tidak membuat perjanjian dengan penjual tapi dengan pihak google, bagaimana menurut anda? 
   dan untuk materi silahkan unggah dengan mengklik ec materal , maaf kurang lengkap yoo materinya. untuk jawabnya saya tunggu di komentar yaa.

Cara menyimpan data ke 4share


      Banyak situs yang menyediakan layanan publik sebagai media penyimpanan file sebagai dokumen penyimpanan data yang sapat di-download saat diperlukan.

Biasanya situs-situs seperti ini menyediakan layanan gratis sehingga siapapun yang memenuhi syarat dapat mendaftar dan menjadi member. 
4shared.com adalah salah satunya. Kapasitas file untuk akun gratis 4shared.com adalah 10G.
Cara Upload File ke 4Shared.com
  1. Siapkan file yang akan di-upload. Jika kapasitas file cukup besar atau terdiri dari banyak file, Anda dapat melakukan kompresi file menggunakan WinZip atau WinRar.
  2. Login dengan username dan password Anda, kalau belum terdaftar silahkan daftar dulu (gratis), caranya sangat mudah. Click daftar atau sign up kemudian masukan email Anda. Selesai.
  3. Click Browse kemudian pilih file yang akan diupload setelah itu click unggah atau upload.
  4. Setelah selesai, 4Shared akan otomatis memberikan link download untuk file tersebut. Anda bisa menggunakan URL ini secara langsung atau dijadikan link terkait pada anchor text atau pada banner.
  5. Untuk melakukan uplod lebih dri satu file sekaligus, click Multiupload kemudian Select Files. Setelah selesai, 4Shared akan otomatis menyediakan URL-2 sebagai link download file-file tersebut.
Cara menghapus file yang telah diupload di 4Shared.com
  1. Login ke 4Shared.com
  2. Pada jendela My 4shared pilih file yang akan dihapus.
  3. Click gambar tong sampah (Recycle Bin) tepat dibawah file tersebut setelah itu click OK.
  4. Catatan, jika Anda menghapus file yang sudah diupload, maka link download yang telah dipublish sebelumnya akan hilang (broken link) dan tidak bisa dibuka

Tips jitu mengetik 10 jari


Disini saya akan berbagi tips tentang mengetik sepulh jari. dan asal anda tau Saya termasuk baru belajar juga dalam mengetik sepuluh jari, jadi mohon maaf jika ada salah pengetikan karena saya juga dalam proses belajar. Langsung saja :
Pertama untuk mahir mengetik 10 jari, terlebih dahulu kita harus tahu posisi jari yang tepat. Lihat gambar dibawah ini:


Tangan Kiri
Ø  Jari Kelingking :         
Baris Pertama = ‘ dan 1
Baris Kedua = Tab dan Q
Baris Ketiga = Capslock dan A
Baris Keempat = Shift kiri dan Z
Baris Kelima = Ctrl dan Windows
Ø  Jari Manis :
Baris Pertama = 2
Baris Kedua = W
Baris Ketiga = S
Baris Keempat = X
Ø  Jari Tengah :
Baris Pertama = 3
Baris Kedua = E
Baris Ketiga = D
Baris Keempat = C
Ø  Jari Telunjuk :
Baris Pertama = 4 dan 5
Baris Kedua = R dan T
Baris Ketiga = F dan G
Baris Keempat = V dan B
Ø  Ibu Jari :
Baris Kelima = Alt kiri dan Spasi

Tangan kanan
Ø  Ibu Jari :
Baris Kelima = Alt kanan dan Spasi
Ø  Jari Telunjuk :
Baris Pertama = 6 dan 7
Baris Kedua = Y dan U
Baris Ketiga = H dan J
Baris Keempat = N dan M
Ø  Jari Tengah :
Baris Pertama = 8
Baris Kedua = I
Baris Ketiga = K
Baris Keempat = ,
Ø  Jari Manis :
Baris Pertama = 9
Baris Kedua = O
Baris Ketiga = L
Baris Keempat = .
Ø  Jari Kelingking :
Baris Pertama = 0, -, = dan BackSpace
Baris Kedua = P, [ dan ]
Baris Ketiga = , ;, ‘ dan Enter
Baris Keempat = / dan shift kanan.


Yang penting adalah seberapa sering kita latihan, karena latihan ini juga bermanfaat untuk mengasah otak. Latihan bisa dengan mengetik koran, atau mengurut huruf ABC dengan mata terpejam. Semoga sekses, happy tipping.

International Financial Resume


Globalization and the Multinational Firm.
1.  International finance VS domestic finance
      In this resume there two resource that I can explain :
          a . the first from e-book. In the e-book there are 3 major that distinguish international finance from domestic finance.

      Three major dimensions set international finance apart from domestic finance. They are:
1. Foreign exchange and political risks.
2. Market imperfections.
3. Expanded opportunity set.
Foreign exchange risk

   The risk that foreign currency profits may evaporate in dollar terms due to unanticipated unfavorable exchange rate movements.
          Ex:
·         Suppose $1 = ¥100 and you buy 10 shares of Toyota at ¥10,000 per share.
·         One year later the investment is worth ten percent more in yen: ¥110,000
·         But, if the yen has depreciated to $1 = ¥120, your investment has actually lost money in dollar terms.

Political Risk

Sovereign (berkuasa) governments have the right to regulate the movement of goods, capital, and people across their borders. These laws sometimes change in unexpected ways.

Market Imperfections

·         Legal restrictions on movement of goods, people, and money
·         Transactions costs
·         Shipping costs
·         Tax arbitrage

Expanded Opportunity Set

·         It doesn’t make sense to play in only one corner of the sandbox.
·         True for corporations as well as individual investors.

      b.    And the another material come from internet search  is six major factors that distinguish multinational from domestic financial management :
1.    Different currency denominations.
2.    Economic and legal ramifications.
3.    Language differences.
4.    Cultural differences.
5.    Role of governments.
6.    Political risk.

2.  Why do firms expand into other coutries ?
The reason to expand :
·         To seek new markets.
Because product in domestic has been saturated.
·         To seek raw materials.
·         To seek new technology.
Corporate to the other corporation to transfer knowledge. Because technology is easy to obsolete (expired)
·         To seek production efficiency.
In Indonesia, foreign firm can get efficiency with indonesian’s cheap labor wages.
·         To avoid political and regulatory hurdles.                     
·         To diversify.
In 1997 Indonesia affected by crisis and when Indonesian people have firm in the another country, so the firm didn’t affect by crisis.
  

3.  Goals for International Financial Management
      I get two resource about the goal of intrernationam financial :
the first is :
Maximize Shareholder Wealth
  l  Long accepted as a goal in the Anglo-Saxon countries, but complications arise.
n  Who are and where are the shareholders?
n  In what currency should we maximize their wealth?
Other Goals
  l  In other countries shareholders are viewed as merely one among many “stakeholders” of the firm including:
n  Employees
n  Suppliers
n  Customers
 l  In Japan, managers have typically sought to maximize the value of the keiretsu—a family of firms to which the individual firms belongs.
 l  As shown by a series of recent corporate scandals at companies like Enron, WorldCom, and Global Crossing, managers may pursue their own private interests at the expense of shareholders when they are not closely monitored.
 l  These calamities have painfully reinforced the importance of corporate governance i.e. the financial and legal framework for regulating the relationship between a firm’s management and its shareholders.
And the second resource are:
Ø  the commonly accepted goal of an MNC is to maximize shareholder wealth.
Ø  We will focus on MNC’s that wholly own their foreign subsidiaries. => financial managers throughout (melalui) the MNC have a single goal of maximizing the value of the enire MNC.

-          Conflict with the MNC goal
Ø  Conflict of interest -> the agency problem. the agency problem exist when a corp.’s shareholder differ from its managers, a conflicts of goals can exist.
Ø  Agency cost are normally larger for MNC than for purely domestic firms, due to (dikarenakan):
·         the difficult in monitoring distant managerss.
·         the different cultures of foreign managers
·         the sheer size of the larger MNCs
·         the tendency to downplay (menyusut) short term effect.
Ø  Subsidiaries managers may be tempted (tergoda) to make decision that maximize that values of their respective (masing-masing) subsidiaries.

5.  Impact of Management Control
         The magnitude (kekuatan) of agency costs can vary with the management style of the MNC.
         A centralized management style reduces agency costs. However, a decentralized style gives more control to those managers who are closer to the subsidiary’s operations and environment.
         Some MNCs attempt to strike a balance - they allow subsidiary managers to make the key decisions for their respective operations, but the decisions are monitored by the parent’s management.
         Electronic networks make it easier for the parent to monitor the actions and performance of foreign subsidiaries.
For example, corporate intranet or internet email facilitates communication. Financial reports and other documents can be sent electronically too.
6.  Theories of International Business
Why are firms motivated to expand their business internationally?
Œ  Theory of Comparative Advantage by recargo
¤        Specialization by countries can increase production efficiency.
  Imperfect Markets Theory
¤        The markets for the various resources used in production are “imperfect.”
Œ  Product Cycle Theory
¤        As a firm matures, it may recognize additional opportunities outside its home country.

 International Business Methods
There are several methods by which firms can conduct international business.
         International trade is a relatively conservative approach involving exporting and/or importing.
¤        The internet facilitates international trade by enabling firms to advertise and manage orders through their websites.
     •         Licensing allows a firm to provide its technology in exchange for fees or some other benefits.
         Franchising obligates (mewajibkan) a firm to provide a specialized sales or service strategy, support assistance, and possibly an initial investment in the franchise in exchange for periodic fees.
         Firms may also penetrate foreign markets by engaging (melibatkan,menggabungkan) in a joint venture (joint ownership and operation) with firms that reside (bertempat tinggal) in those markets.
         Acquisitions (mengambil alih, takeover) of existing operations in foreign countries allow firms to quickly gain control over foreign operations as well as a share of the foreign market.
         Firms can also penetrate foreign markets by establishing new foreign subsidiaries.
         In general, any method of conducting business that requires a direct investment in foreign operations is referred to as a direct foreign investment (DFI).
         The optimal international business method may depend on the characteristics of the MNC.
8.  MNC
A firm that has incorporated on one country and has production and sales operations in other countries.
There are about 60,000 MNCs in the world. Many MNCs obtain raw materials from one nation, financial capital from another, produce goods with labor and capital equipment in a third country and sell their output in various other national markets.

1
General Electric
United States
2
Vodafone Group PLC
United Kingdom
3
Ford Motor Company
United States
4
British Petroleum Co. PLC
United Kingdom
5
General Motors
United States
6
Royal Dutch/Shell Group
UK/Netherlands
7
Toyota Motor Corporation
Japan
8
Total Fina Elf
France
9
France Telecom
France
10
ExxonMobile Corporation
United States